Abstract
ABSTRACTObjective: This study aims at identifying anatomical dimensions of dental arches, based on landmarks currently used in the lingual orthodontic technique, and create an archwire form template to be used in orthodontic clinics.Methods: Maxillary and mandibular dental casts of 140 Caucasian individuals with natural and normal occlusion were digitized (3D), and the images were analyzed with Delcam Power ShapeTM 2010 software. The dental arch shapes and sizes were obtained from 14 landmarks selected on the lingual surface of the teeth. Points and segments defined by the software were used to create an archwire form template.Results: Various dental arch patterns were found for both maxilla and mandible. The smallest sizes were found in females, and the largest were found in male subjects. Six categories were defined for each gender, three for the maxilla and three for the mandible (Small, Medium and Large). A template was created with eighteen anatomic lingual archwire designs, nine for the maxilla and nine for the mandible, for both genders.Conclusions: Landmarks evaluated in this study showed dental arch differences between genders. This information enables making orthodontic lingual archwires that are more compatible with the anatomical forms and sizes of the maxilla and mandible. The findings also allowed the creation of a template for an anatomic lingual metallic archwire form to be used in the lingual technique.
Highlights
In the late 1970s, lingual orthodontics was introduced as a result of conventional appliances bonding to the lingual surfaces of the teeth.[1,2] The first scientific work describing brackets and the mushroom-shape of the lingual archwire was published in 1979.3Striking differences between the lingual and buccal techniques are observed,[4] such as the archwire form used.[5]
Landmarks evaluated in this study showed dental arch differences between genders
This information enables making orthodontic lingual archwires that are more compatible with the anatomical forms and sizes of the maxilla and mandible
Summary
In the late 1970s, lingual orthodontics was introduced as a result of conventional appliances bonding to the lingual surfaces of the teeth.[1,2] The first scientific work describing brackets and the mushroom-shape of the lingual archwire was published in 1979.3Striking differences between the lingual and buccal techniques are observed,[4] such as the archwire form used.[5]. In the late 1970s, lingual orthodontics was introduced as a result of conventional appliances bonding to the lingual surfaces of the teeth.[1,2] The first scientific work describing brackets and the mushroom-shape of the lingual archwire was published in 1979.3. Many authors have used cusp tips to outline the archwire forms,[10,11,12] while others used the medial landmarks of the crowns from a buccal perspective on the anterior and posterior teeth as references,[13] as well as lingual and occlusal landmarks, or in the long axial axis of the teeth.[7] others researchers[14,15] used landmarks on the lingual surfaces closer to the gingival third because this site showed the smallest difference between the lingual surfaces of canines and premolars.[16]. Some authors developed the straight-wire concept in lingual orthodontics, seeking to streamline the work of the professional.[16,17]
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