3D structure of the Gusev Crater region

Abstract

Gusev Crater lies within the Aeolis Quadrangle of Mars at the boundary between the northern lowlands and southern highlands. The ancient valley Ma'adim Vallis dissects the highlands south of Gusev Crater and is thought to have fed the crater with sediments. High Resolution Stereo Camera data and Digital Elevation Models were used to construct a geologic–geomorphic map (173.5–178.5° E, 10–18° S) and cross-sections, complemented by data from Mars Orbiter Camera, Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter and Thermal Emission Imaging System. Three geologic domains are recognised: the highlands in the south, Gusev Crater and lowlands in the north. Twelve units are mapped, with thicknesses ranging from hundred meters to several kilometres. Thicknesses of units, and their bedding attitude, are estimated combining the geologic map and topographic information. Relative ages are determined from crater counts, ranging from Early Noachian for highland units to Middle Amazonian for units in Gusev Crater and in lowlands. Episodes of intense geologic activity (deposition, volcanism, deformation) occur at around 4.0 Ga, 3.7 Ga, and 3.5 Ga. Comparing the geometry of the Gusev Crater with similar sized, filled and un-filled, Martian craters, suggests that the Columbia Hills are relics of the original central peak of Gusev Crater.