Abstract
3D numerical simulations are performed to analyze correctly the effect of opposing thermal buoyancy and Dean number on Dean vortices, fluid flow and heat transfer through 180° curved duct of square cross-section. Due to tremendous found results, this works emphasizes only at the position 30° of the bend portion. The governing equations involving momentum, continuity and energy are solved in three dimensions under these assumptions: the flow is laminar, steady-state and incompressible. The present study is investigated in the range of these conditions: Dean number of De = 125 to 150, Richardson number of Ri = 0 to 2 at Pr = 1. The principal obtained results are represented in forms of streamlines and isotherms to analyze and to discuss the found physical phenomena. The local Nusselt number along the wall of square cross-section is also computed and presented. The main found point is that the opposing thermal buoyancy has a tendency to eliminate the effect of centrifugal force at the position 30° of bend portion of 180° curved duct.
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