Abstract
Abstract. In the last years, thanks to the advances of surveying sensors and techniques, many heritage sites could be accurately replicated in digital form with very detailed and impressive results. The actual limits are mainly related to hardware capabilities, computation time and low performance of personal computer. Often, the produced models are not visible on a normal computer and the only solution to easily visualized them is offline using rendered videos. This kind of 3D representations is useful for digital conservation, divulgation purposes or virtual tourism where people can visit places otherwise closed for preservation or security reasons. But many more potentialities and possible applications are available using a 3D model. The problem is the ability to handle 3D data as without adequate knowledge this information is reduced to standard 2D data. This article presents some surveying and 3D modeling experiences within the APSAT project ("Ambiente e Paesaggi dei Siti d’Altura Trentini", i.e. Environment and Landscapes of Upland Sites in Trentino). APSAT is a multidisciplinary project funded by the Autonomous Province of Trento (Italy) with the aim documenting, surveying, studying, analysing and preserving mountainous and hill-top heritage sites located in the region. The project focuses on theoretical, methodological and technological aspects of the archaeological investigation of mountain landscape, considered as the product of sequences of settlements, parcelling-outs, communication networks, resources, and symbolic places. The mountain environment preserves better than others the traces of hunting and gathering, breeding, agricultural, metallurgical, symbolic activities characterised by different lengths and environmental impacts, from Prehistory to the Modern Period. Therefore the correct surveying and documentation of this heritage sites and material is very important. Within the project, the 3DOM unit of FBK is delivering all the surveying and 3D material to the interdisciplinary partners of the project to allow successive analyses or derivations of restoration plans and conservation policies.
Highlights
The importance of Cultural Heritage documentation is well recognized and there is an increasing pressure at international level to preserve them digitally with long-lasting and standard formats
The technologies and methodologies for Cultural Heritage 3D documentation allow the generation of very realistic 3D results that could be used for many purposes, such as archaeological analyses, digital preservation and conservation, computer-aided restoration, virtual reality/computer graphics applications, 3D repositories and catalogues, web geographic systems, multimedia museum exhibitions, visualization and so on
The presented case studies described the entire pipeline from on-site 3D data acquisition to 2D data delivering for architectural and archaeological applications
Summary
The importance of Cultural Heritage documentation is well recognized and there is an increasing pressure at international level to preserve them digitally with long-lasting and standard formats. 3D data are today a critical component to permanently record the shape of important objects so that, in digital form at least, they might be passed down to future generations This concept has produced firstly a large number of projects, mainly led by research groups, which have realized very high quality and complete digital models (Levoy et al 2000; Beraldin et al 2002; Stumpfel et al 2003; Gruen et al 2004; Guidi et al 2006; Sonnemann et al 2006; Ikeuchi & Miyazaki 2008; El-Hakim et al 2008; Remondino et al 2009) and secondly has alerted the creation of guidelines describing standards for correct and complete 3D documentations and digital preservation. Identify the best approach in every situation is not an easy task but it is nowadays clear that the combination and integration of different sensors and techniques, in particular when surveying large and complex sites, is the ideal solution (Gruen et al 2005; El-Hakim et al 2007; Rönholm et al 2007; Guidi et al 2009) in order to: (i) exploit the intrinsic strengths of each technique, (ii) compensate for weaknesses of individual methods, (iii) derive different geometric Levels of Detail (LoD) of the scene under investigation that show only the necessary information and (iv) achieve more accurate and complete geometric surveying for modelling, interpretation, representation and digital conservation issues
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