3D reconstruction of the Lapis Tiburtinus (Tivoli, Central Italy): The control of climatic and sea‐level changes on travertine deposition

Alessandro Mancini,Enrico Capezzuoli,Rudy Swennen,Giovanna Della Porta

doi:10.1111/bre.12576

Alessandro Mancini, Enrico Capezzuoli + Show 2 more

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https://doi.org/10.1111/bre.12576

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Abstract

Abstract3D modelling is a fundamental tool to visualize and understand the history of sedimentary basin filling and to reconstruct the geobody architecture. Spatial distribution of discontinuity surfaces and geobody characteristics provide valuable information on the factors controlling the sedimentary evolution of basins. Several Neogene‐Quaternary basins of central‐western Italy are controlled by extensional and strike‐slip tectonics and characterized by travertine deposition, related to hydrothermal fluids rising up along discontinuities and fractured carbonate bedrocks. This study presents the 3D modelling results of the quarry area within the tectonically controlled Acque Albule Basin (Tivoli, Central Italy) that hosts the Pleistocene Lapis Tiburtinus travertine. The 3D reconstruction of the different surfaces bounding the travertine units shows a complex architecture composed of depressions, reliefs and channels as predominant morphological elements related to four different depositional environments (subaqueous, palustrine, slope and travertine channel). The reconstructed surface maps highlight the presence of laterally migrating, E–W‐oriented lens‐shaped geometries, with a drainage system persistent through time oriented towards the southern part of the study area in the direction of the Aniene River, bordering the Acque Albule Basin in the South. The Lapis Tiburtinus travertine developed in an area of 28 km2, accumulated in a system composed of sub‐basins (approximately 1–2 km2 wide) with subaqueous conditions interconnected by a hydrographic network, controlled through time by fluctuations of the Aniene River base level. Based on the results obtained, base‐level fluctuations of the Aniene River, related to glacio‐eustatic sea‐level oscillations of the last 115 kyrs associated with alternation of humid and arid climatic conditions, arise as the most important factor affecting the architecture of the travertine geobodies.

Highlights

Sedimentary basins form in diverse geological settings with different subsidence regimes creating accommodation filled by sediments (Allen & Allen, 2008)
The Lapis Tiburtinus travertine developed in an area of 28 km2, accumulated in a system composed of sub-basins with subaqueous conditions interconnected by a hydrographic network, controlled through time by fluctuations of the Aniene River base level
The aim of this study is to provide a depositional model for the Pleistocene travertine deposits of the Acque Albule Basin, where the base-level fluctuations of the Aniene River, because of the relative sea-level oscillations driven by glacio- eustasy, probably controlled and influenced the geometries of the different travertine units and the evolution of the architecture of the basin sedimentary filling

Summary

Introduction

Sedimentary basins form in diverse geological settings with different subsidence regimes creating accommodation filled by sediments (Allen & Allen, 2008). Travertine deposits show complex facies distributions due to the numerous extrinsic (e.g. underlying substrate morphology and topographic gradient, fault patterns and tectonic setting, hydrogeology and geometry of the springs and climate) and intrinsic (interaction between biological and physico- chemical processes) factors affecting their deposition and evolution (Della Porta, 2015; Guo & Riding, 1998; Jones & Renaut, 1995; Pentecost, 2005; Shiraishi et al, 2020). Pleistocene glacial and interglacial climatic fluctuations, characterized at temperate latitudes by alternation of cold-arid and warm-humid conditions, respectively, were able to influence water supply that fed the springs, due to the fluctuations in rain precipitations (Pedley, 1990). For this reason, travertine distribution is directly influenced by the quantity of groundwater available in the aquifers. This extrinsic phenomenon is able to influence geobody architectures and facies characteristics, according to many authors (Capezzuoli et al, 2014; Guo & Riding, 1999; Jones & Renaut, 1995)

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