Abstract
The hot compression behavior of Mg-9Gd-3Y (GW93) alloy was investigated by carrying out isothermal compression tests at the deformation temperature range of 300–450°C and strain rate range of 0.001–1s−1. Considering the influence of the strain on the formability of the GW93 alloy, three-dimensional (3D) processing maps were established based on the dynamic material model. The 3D processing maps indicate that the formability of the material improved with the decrease of the strain rate and the increase of the heating temperature, and the material at lower heating temperature mostly underwent flow instability. The formable processing region of the hot deformation of the GW93 alloy was concentrated within the temperature range of 380–450°C and the strain rate range of 0.001–0.01 s−1. Subsequently, the 3D processing maps were embedded into the finite element (FE) software DEFORM-3D by means of user subroutines, and the formability of GW93 alloy during the isothermal plane strain forging process was predicted. The FE simulation results revealed that the formability of the material at low strain rate improved compared with that at high strain rate under the same temperature. Finally, an isothermal plane strain forging technological experiment was carried out, and the microstructure of the formed sample was analyzed. The experimental result is in good agreement with that of the numerical simulation. Combined with microstructural observation, the accuracy of the simulation results and the 3D processing maps of the GW93 alloy was verified.
Highlights
With the continuous development of precision plastic forming technology, the requirements of the hot forging process in the metal products industry are increasingly becoming stricter
By exploiting different instability criteria, Li et al [19] established the instability maps, and the validity of the instability maps was verified through metallographic observation. e hot deformation behavior of extruded ZK60 magnesium alloy was investigated by establishing the processing maps, and it was verified that the hot extrusion process can effectively improve the workability of the alloy [20]
A method combining finite element (FE) simulation and microstructural observation was applied to investigate the correctness of the 3D processing maps, and the optimal forming range of the GW93 alloy was determined. e results obtained in this study have important reference value for developing a process of magnesium alloy plastic forming
Summary
With the continuous development of precision plastic forming technology, the requirements of the hot forging process in the metal products industry are increasingly becoming stricter. With the aid of material physical models and Advances in Materials Science and Engineering processing maps, the formability of high strength rare earth magnesium alloys can be predicted and the optimal technological parameters can be obtained to replace the traditional trial and error method, which provides a reliable guarantee for the accurate control of product quality [16, 17]. E hot deformation behavior of extruded ZK60 magnesium alloy was investigated by establishing the processing maps, and it was verified that the hot extrusion process can effectively improve the workability of the alloy [20]. Anbuselvan and Ramanathan [21] investigated the hot deformation behavior and microstructure evolution of extruded ZE41A magnesium alloy using processing maps, and they found that the optimal process parameters for the hot working of the material are 400°C and 0.1 s−1. A method combining FE simulation and microstructural observation was applied to investigate the correctness of the 3D processing maps, and the optimal forming range of the GW93 alloy was determined. e results obtained in this study have important reference value for developing a process of magnesium alloy plastic forming
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