Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting has been attractive for tissue and organ regeneration with the possibility of constructing biologically functional structures useful in many biomedical applications. Autonomous healing of hydrogels composed of oxidized hyaluronate (OHA), glycol chitosan (GC), and adipic acid dihydrazide (ADH) was achieved after damage. Interestingly, the addition of alginate (ALG) to the OHA/GC/ADH self-healing hydrogels was useful for the dual cross-linking system, which enhanced the structural stability of the gels without the loss of their self-healing capability. Various characteristics of OHA/GC/ADH/ALG hydrogels, including viscoelastic properties, cytotoxicity, and 3D printability, were investigated. Additionally, potential applications of 3D bioprinting of OHA/GC/ADH/ALG hydrogels for cartilage regeneration were investigated in vitro. This hydrogel system may have potential for bioprinting of a custom-made scaffold in various tissue engineering applications.
Highlights
Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has been widely used to fabricate various artificial tissues and organs with tissue engineering approaches [1,2,3]
oxidized hyaluronate (OHA)/ALG and glycol chitosan (GC)/acid dihydrazide (ADH) solutions were mixed for the preparation of hydrogels
Secondary cross-linking improved the mechanical properties of the hydrogel, but an increase in alginate concentration reduced the hydrogel stiffness by more than
Summary
Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has been widely used to fabricate various artificial tissues and organs with tissue engineering approaches [1,2,3]. Mechanical dispenser systems are used in extrusion-based bioprinting for depositing bioinks in the form of filaments [1]. They have been successfully used to engineer various tissue constructs, including cartilage, bone, and skin [2]. Shear stress can break hydrogel structures, causing a printed structure fracture [23,24] It can damage cells, leading to cell death [25]. Extrusion-based bioprinting requires bioinks that have shear thinning properties in order to overcome these obstacles [26]
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