Abstract
One of the leading causes of death is cardiovascular disease, and the most common cardiovascular disease is coronary artery disease. Percutaneous coronary intervention and vascular stents have emerged as a solution to treat coronary artery disease. Nowadays, several types of vascular stents share the same purpose: to reduce the percentage of restenosis, thrombosis, and neointimal hyperplasia and supply mechanical support to the blood vessels. Despite the numerous efforts to create an ideal stent, there is no coronary stent that simultaneously presents the appropriate cellular compatibility and mechanical properties to avoid stent collapse and failure. One of the emerging approaches to solve these problems is improving the mechanical performance of polymeric bioresorbable stents produced through additive manufacturing. Although there have been numerous studies in this field, normalized control parameters for 3D-printed polymeric vascular stents fabrication are absent. The present paper aims to present an overview of the current types of stents and the main polymeric materials used to fabricate the bioresorbable vascular stents. Furthermore, a detailed description of the printing parameters’ influence on the mechanical performance and degradation profile of polymeric bioresorbable stents is presented.
Highlights
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), cardiovascular diseases are among the most prevalent and leading causes of death worldwide [1]
The present manuscript will focus on polymeric bioresorbable stents, providing a detailed description of the main polymers used for stent fabrication
Polymeric bioresorbable stents (BRSs) are a promising approach for vascular stenting in specific situations
Summary
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), cardiovascular diseases are among the most prevalent and leading causes of death worldwide [1]. The most common is coronary artery disease, called ischemic heart disease or coronary heart disease These problems are related to disorders caused by narrowed heart arteries that supply blood to the cardiac muscle [5]. The first positive effort to treat atherosclerosis emerged with balloon angioplasty, a minimally invasive procedure with minimum costs [6] This medical procedure involves introducing a guiding catheter, with a balloon, inside the artery that is narrowed, inflating the balloon to reopen the artery and restore the blood flow [7]. This procedure presents some limitations, such as vessel occlusion, which led to the development of vascular stents [8,9]. Considering the actuality of additive manufacturing (AM) processes, commonly designated as 3D printing, how the processing parameters can influence the mechanical performance and degradation profile of polymeric bioresorbable stents is discussed
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