Abstract
3D printing technology is a rapid prototyping process based on computer-aided design software that is proficient to construct solid objects with various geometrics by depositing numerous layers in a sequence. The major advantages of three-dimensional printing (3DP) technology over the traditional manufacturing of pharmaceuticals include the customization of medications with individually adjusted doses, on-demand tailored manufacturing, unprecedented flexibility in the design, manufacturing of complex and sophisticated solid dosage forms, and economic benefits. Recently, many researchers have been invested their efforts in applying 3DP technology to the pharmaceutical development of drug products and different drug delivery systems. Selective laser sintering, fused deposition modeling, semi-solid extrusion, stereolithography, etc., are the multiple 3DP technologies that can be established in several customized and programmable medicines. Sublingual, orodispersible, and fast-dissolving drug delivery formulations by 3DP technology have been already manufactured. Controlled-release formulations with different characteristics, doughnut-shaped multi-layered tablets with linear release kinetics, and drug-loaded tablets with modified-release characteristics are recently fabricated using 3DP. However, few 3DP methods produce uneven shapes of dosage forms and comparatively porous structures. Cost of transition, adaptation to the existing facility, achieving regulatory approval, etc., are the present challenges that can restrict the extensive application of 3DP technology to pharmaceutical products. Intense research work for modifying the 3DP methods is simultaneously sustained for by-passing the flaws and current limitations of this technology. 3DP technology can act as a convenient and potential tool for the pharmaceutical industry which will set a revolutionary manufacturing style in the near future to facilitate patient-centered health care.
Highlights
Drug delivery, a very frequently used and important terminology, belongs to the pharmaceutical sciences
Considerable attention was focused on the development of novel drug delivery systems and patient-centric drug products
Various methods of 3DP technology make it possible to develop highly sophisticated dosage forms with different shapes, allow to fabricate flexible dosages with single or multiple active pharmaceutical ingredients, and offer a wide range of drug release kinetics. 3DP technology is anticipated to play a major role in the movement toward personalized and tailored medications
Summary
A very frequently used and important terminology, belongs to the pharmaceutical sciences. Rapid advances in 3DP technology facilitate a wide range of pharmaceutical applications, including advancement in the design of drug delivery systems [10,11]. Employment of 3DP technology supports the development of numerous drug delivery systems such as oral controlled release systems, multi-layered tablets with linear release kinetics, immediate-release tablets, implants, modified release dosage forms, pills, and microchips [18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25].
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