Abstract
Microbatteries serve as essential energy supply components in microelectronic, wearable and implantable devices. Despite recent efforts, developing lithium metal microbatteries with high energy densities and mechanical flexibility in structural design is still challenging, because of the poor interfacial stability and poor processability of lithium foil. Herein, we developed lithium-sulfur (Li-S) microbatteries with customized configurations using 3D printing techniques, which consist of a printable Li anode hosted within a graphene aerogel framework and a printable S cathode based on a carbon nanocages framework, featuring abundant porous structures and large specific surface areas. Consequently, the 3D-printed Li anode achieves over 900 hours of cycling with low overpotentials at an ultrahigh current density of 10 mA cm−2, and the 3D-printed S cathode delivers an ultrahigh capacity of 21.9 mAh cm−2 at the high thickness of 2.3 mm. Furthermore, the 3D-printed Li-S cell delivers an ultrahigh areal energy density of 48.4 mWh cm−2 at a high power density of 3.5 mW cm−2. The application potential of the 3D-printed customized Li-S microbatteries with arbitrary form factors is demonstrated by LED lighting and powering wearable sensor integration system, paving the way for their applications in miniaturized devices.
Published Version
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