3D printing of composite scaffolds based on polycaprolactone matrix reinforced with monticellite and akermanite for bone repair; mechanical and biological properties

Abstract

This investigation examines the bioactivity and mechanical properties of composite scaffolds made from polycaprolactone (PCL) and augmented with akermanite (Ca2MgSi2O7) (AK) and monticellite (CaMgSiO4) (MNT) powders synthesized via the sol-gel method. The study systematically assesses the impact of varying proportions of the AK and MNT admixture, specifically at 10, 15, and 20 wt.% of the total composite weight. Morphological characterization of the powders is conducted. The composite scaffolds are fabricated using 3D printing. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images show interconnected and open-pore structures. Mechanical testing results indicate an increase in compressive strength facilitated by the AK and MNT bioceramics. The scaffold made of PCL and containing 15 wt.% nanopowders of AK/MNT exhibits superior compressive strength, measuring at 14.2 ± 0.84 MPa compared to other scaffolds. Bioactivity assessments confirm that the composite scaffolds can form apatite in simulated body fluid. The outcomes collectively demonstrate the effectiveness of the bioactive 3D-printed scaffolds, which have improved mechanical properties, confirming their suitability for use in cancellous bone repair.