Abstract
Bioceramics have frequent use in functional restoration of hard tissues to improve human well-being. Additive manufacturing (AM) also known as 3D printing is an innovative material processing technique extensively applied to produce bioceramic parts or scaffolds in a layered perspicacious manner. Moreover, the applications of additive manufacturing in bioceramics have the capability to reliably fabricate the commercialized scaffolds tailored for practical clinical applications, and the potential to survive in the new era of effective hard tissue fabrication. The similarity of the materials with human bone histomorphometry makes them conducive to use in hard tissue engineering scheme. The key objective of this manuscript is to explore the applications of bioceramics-based AM in bone tissue engineering. Furthermore, the article comprehensively and categorically summarizes some novel bioceramics based AM techniques for the restoration of bones. At prior stages of this article, different ceramics processing AM techniques have been categorized, subsequently, processing of frequently used materials for bone implants and complexities associated with these materials have been elaborated. At the end, some novel applications of bioceramics in orthopedic implants and some future directions are also highlighted to explore it further. This review article will help the new researchers to understand the basic mechanism and current challenges in neophyte techniques and the applications of bioceramics in the orthopedic prosthesis.
Highlights
Additive manufacturing or 3D printing has got attention in scaffold design and manufacturing for tissue engineering applications. This technique was developed by Sachs et al, to create the ink-jet freestyle printing towards the latter part of the 20th century [1]. It was extended in tailoring the perfect scaffolds on its user-friendly capabilities, which considered the transformation of computer aided design (CAD) information to a rapid and reliable production line of constructs with the coveted material, porosity, and measurements [2,3]
Results concluded that porous HA scaffolds the sintering temperature should remain between 1100 ◦ C∼1200 ◦ C and no phase change was observed manufactured with robocasting showed the sintering temperature should remain between 1100 °C
This review outlined the latest researches on development of 3D printing of bioceramics for bone tissue engineering, current state of the art is discussed
Summary
Additive manufacturing or 3D printing has got attention in scaffold design and manufacturing for tissue engineering applications. This technique was developed by Sachs et al, to create the ink-jet freestyle printing towards the latter part of the 20th century [1] Later on, it was extended in tailoring the perfect scaffolds on its user-friendly capabilities, which considered the transformation of computer aided design (CAD) information to a rapid and reliable production line of constructs with the coveted material, porosity, and measurements [2,3]. In view of of theAM way that customized scaffold can be prepared thatansuits an individual clinical ceramic scaffold design and implantation envelops invaluable method for quick and reliable production of hard tissue substitution replica of the biological context patient’s skeletal imperfection, layer-by-layer sintering is regarded as a lucrative discipline for the of naturalofbone [12]. Section 5findings describeswith about bioactive glass (BG) using different techniques. in 6 concludes some important findings with some current challenges and future opportunities in this field
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