Abstract
The use of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite materials are continuously growing in civil infrastructure due to their high strength, low weight, and manufacturing flexibility. However, FRP is characterized by sudden failure and lacks ductility. When used in construction, gradual failure of FRP components is desired to avoid catastrophic structural collapse. Due to its mechanical orthotropy, the behavior of FRP relies significantly on fiber orientation and stacking sequence. In this paper, a novel multi-angled glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composite laminate showing pseudo ductile behavior is produced using 3D-printing. This is accomplished by varying fiber orientation angles, stacking sequence, and thickness of lamina. Single-angled GFRP composite specimens were 3D-printed with different fiber orientation angles of 0°, 12°, 24°, 30°, 45°, and 90° using continuous and fused filament techniques. The tension test results of the single-angled specimens were then used to aid the design of multi-angled laminate for potential progressive failure behavior. A 3D finite element (FE) model was developed to predict the response of the experimental results and to provide insight into the failure mechanism of the multi-angled laminate. The experimental observations and the FE simulations show the possibility of producing pseudo ductile FRP-by-design composite using 3D-printing technology, which leads the way to fabricate next-generation composites for civil infrastructure.
Highlights
Steel is widely used in the construction, automotive, and airplane industries due to its remarkable ductility
The current study demonstrates the possibility of achieving characteristic progressive failure in Fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP) composites consisting of the monotype fiber by controlling the shared stiffness between the different layers
It is demonstrated that glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites can show progressive failure and pseudo ductility using
Summary
Steel is widely used in the construction, automotive, and airplane industries due to its remarkable ductility. Fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP) are high-strength materials that were introduced in the middle of the 20th century for aerospace applications. Despite its relatively high initial cost, FRP found their way to construction industries due to its lightweight, durability, and immunity to corrosion [1,2,3,4]. The mechanical behavior of FRP composites is typically anisotropic, which results in a variety of complex failures [5]. FRP composites with monotype fibers do not address this criterion and, abrupt structural failure with little to no warning can occur. The lack of ductility in FRP hinders their widespread use in civil infrastructure
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