3D printed high-performance sodium ion and zinc ion full batteries

Abstract

3D printing has unique advantages for the preparation of batteries. It is of great significance to 3D print sodium ion full batteries and aqueous zinc ion full batteries in view of the fact that they are very promising among post-lithium-ion batteries. Here, a facile 3D-printing strategy is proposed to fabricate sodium ion full batteries and aqueous zinc ion full batteries via the polymer-based inks with high active material content. The prepared electrode inks can be easily scaled up and have the shear thinning behaviors. Electrochemical analyses confirming that the 3D printed sodium ion full batteries and aqueous zinc ion full batteries both deliver high electrochemical performance. The former composed of sodium vanadium phosphate (Na3V2(PO4)3) cathode and anode delivers the high capacity (21 mAh g−1), high-rate capability (10 C), and long cycle stability (4000 cycles). Meanwhile, the latter constituted by vanadium dioxide (VO2(B)) cathode and zinc powders anode also reveals the high capacity (173 mAh g−1), high-rate capability (73 mAh g−1 at 1600 mA g−1), and long cycle stability. This 3D printing strategy provides a way to construct ultra-micro batteries, large-size batteries, and special-shaped batteries.