Abstract
Bone defects are commonly found in the elderly and athletic population due to systemic diseases such as osteoporosis and trauma. Bone scaffolds have since been developed to enhance bone regeneration by acting as a biological extracellular scaffold for cells. The main advantage of a bone scaffold lies in its ability to provide various degrees of structural support and growth factors for cellular activities. Therefore, we designed a 3D porous scaffold that can not only provide sufficient mechanical properties but also carry drugs and promote cell viability. Ginsenoside Rb1 (GR) is an extract from panax ginseng, which has been used for bone regeneration and repair since ancient Chinese history. In this study, we fabricated scaffolds using various concentrations of GR with mesoporous calcium silicate/calcium sulfate (MSCS) and investigated the scaffold’s physical and chemical characteristic properties. PrestoBlue, F-actin staining, and ELISA were used to demonstrate the effect of the GR-contained MSCS scaffold on cell proliferation, morphology, and expression of the specific osteogenic-related protein of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). According to our data, hDPSCs cultivated in GR-contained MSCS scaffold had preferable abilities of proliferation and higher expression of the osteogenic-related protein and could effectively inhibit inflammation. Finally, in vivo performance was assessed using histological results that revealed the GR-contained MSCS scaffolds were able to further achieve more effective hard tissue regeneration than has been the case in the past. Taken together, this study demonstrated that a GR-containing MSCS 3D scaffold could be used as a potential alternative for future bone tissue engineering studies and has good potential for clinical use.
Highlights
Bone diseases are the main cause of disability and are commonly found amongst the elderly
We hypothesized that modification with Ginsenoside Rb1 (GR) could further enhance the osteogenic capabilities of mesoporous calcium silicate/calcium sulfate (MSCS)
GR is a common compound used in traditional medicine in treating systemic bone diseases
Summary
Bone diseases are the main cause of disability and are commonly found amongst the elderly. Biomedicines 2021, 9, 907 had a systemic bone loss of the femur neck or lumbar spine. A common complication for systemic bone diseases is fracture due to weakened bone integrity and structural loss. The current treatment method for such bone defects includes bone autografts and allografts [1]. These treatment methods have severe limitations restricting their fullest potential in treating bone defects [2]. Many reports regarding drug carrier systems have been published, and various types of material and scaffolds have been applied to investigate the effects of biocompatibility and osteogenic potential between bone tissue and bone defect site [5,6,7]
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