Abstract
This study investigates the use of low cost, customizable, biodegradable, polymer-ceramic composite porous structures (bone bricks) for large bone tissue regeneration. Different ceramic materials (hydroxyapatite (HA), β-tri-calcium phosphate (TCP) and Bioglass (45S5) were mixed with poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL). Bone bricks with different material compositions were produced using an extrusion-based additive manufacturing system. Produced bone bricks were morphologically and mechanically assessed. Results allowed to establish a correlation between scaffolds architecture and material composition and scaffolds performance. Reinforced scaffolds showed improved mechanical properties. Best mechanical properties were obtained with PCL/TCP bone bricks and topologies based on 38 double zig zag filaments and 14 spirals.
Highlights
Additive manufacturing is a very promising fabrication strategy for the production of threedimensional (3D) porous scaffods for the regeneration of damaged bones and other tissues [1,2,3,4,5]
The assembled prosthesis will create a hollow cage which will be filled with an infection prevention paste containing calcium sulphate and polymeric microbeads encapsulating antibiotics (Fig. 1)
The obtained images were processed by ImageJ (NIH, USA) allowing to determine the pore size (PS) and the filament width (FW)
Summary
Additive manufacturing is a very promising fabrication strategy for the production of threedimensional (3D) porous scaffods for the regeneration of damaged bones and other tissues [1,2,3,4,5] These scaffolds must be infection resistant, biocompatible, biodegradable, custom made, cost-effective and modular, contributing to the establishment of a proper biomechanical environment that promotes tissue regeneration [6,7,8]. These characteristics can be obtained through a proper combination of scaffold design and suitable materials providing mechanical stability and promoting cell attachment, differentiation and proliferation [9,10,11].
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