Abstract
AbstractThis paper presents a coaxial resonator for dielectric measurements of low and medium loss liquids at multiple resonance frequencies up to 8 GHz with the fundamental transverse electromagnetic (TEM) resonant mode at 2 GHz. The measurement is by filling the entire resonator cavity with the material under test and the permittivity of the material is readily extracted using simple equations. This technique provides an easy and accurate extraction method of dielectric properties without any analytical approximation and dedicated software algorithm as used in broadband open coaxial probes or the complex perturbation formula in resonator‐based methods. This significantly reduces the risk of systematic errors from the model approximation. The measured quality factor of the resonator is 2650 to 3500 depending on the resonant mode. This allows for the measurement of samples with loss tangents up to 0.05 (Acetone taken as a reference). The device was made by 3D printing and verified by measurements of several common solvents at all four resonance frequencies. The results obtained agree well with values reported in literature. Further measurements of crude oil samples were carried out and results confirmed with values obtained using other techniques.
Highlights
Coaxial structures have been widely utilized in measurements of dielectric materials.[1,2,3,4,5,6,7] One of the most common type is the industrial dielectric probe or coaxial probe and referred to as open-ended coaxial line[1] for liquids, solids and gel materials
This paper presents a coaxial resonator for dielectric measurements of low and medium loss liquids at multiple resonance frequencies up to 8 GHz with the fundamental transverse electromagnetic (TEM) resonant mode at 2 GHz
The fact that the dielectric constant depends on the ratio of resonance frequency before and after the sample, this may not have a significant effect on the results
Summary
Coaxial structures have been widely utilized in measurements of dielectric materials.[1,2,3,4,5,6,7] One of the most common type is the industrial dielectric probe or coaxial probe and referred to as open-ended coaxial line[1] for liquids, solids and gel materials. The resonance frequency and quality factor of the resonator is modified as the electric field fringes into the material under test. These quantities are utilized in the extraction of the dielectric properties. The opening groove allows the liquid into the cavity and the reflected signal is measured .[7] Closed-end coaxial resonator has been used previously for surface resistance
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