Abstract
Focus on advancement of energy storage has now turned to curbing carbon emissions in the transportation sector by adopting electric vehicles (EVs). Technological advancements in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), valued for their lightweight and high capacity, are critical to making this switch a reality. Integrating structurally enhanced LIBs directly into vehicular design tackles two EV limitations: vehicle range and weight. In this study, 3D-carbon (3D-C) lattices, prepared with an inexpensive stereolithography-type 3D printer followed by carbonization, are proposed as scaffolds for Li metal anodes for structural LIBs. Mechanical stability tests revealed that the 3D-C lattice can withstand a maximum stress of 5.15 ± 0.15MPa, which makes 3D-C lattices an ideal candidate for structural battery electrodes. Symmetric cell tests show the superior cycling stability of 3D-C scaffolds compared to conventional bare Cu foil current collectors. When 3D-C scaffolds are used, a small overpotential (≈0.075V) is retained over 100 cycles at 1mA cm-2 for 3 mAh cm-2, while the overpotential of a bare Cu symmetric cell is unstable and increased to 0.74V at the 96th cycle. The precisely oriented internal pores of the 3D-C lattice confine lithium metal deposits within the 3D scaffold, effectively preventing short circuits.
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