3-D Numerical Simulation of a Real Dam Reservoir: Thermal Stratified Flow

Abstract

Investigations indicate freshwater sources are dwindling day-to-day and becoming contaminated throughout the world due to environmental problems, and fast growing population. Therefore, flows in the dam reservoir using proper realistic water modeling should be well defined. In this study, three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulation model of an actual dam reservoir for a season is created. The density differences between inflow river and ambient dam reservoir water can create stratified and circulation flows in the real dam reservoirs. The density differences can be due to the discrepancies in temperatures, concentration of dissolved or suspended substances, or a combination of both. The numerical model is developed using nonlinear and unsteady continuity, momentum, energy, and k-e turbulence model equations. In order to include the Coriolis force effect on the flow in a dam reservoir, Coriolis force parameter is also added to the model equations. These equations are constructed using actual dimensions, shape, boundary, and initial conditions of the dam and reservoir. The 3-D mathematical model developed is capable of simulating the flow and thermal characteristics of the reservoir for using season. Model simulations results are compared with field measurements obtained from gauging stations. The results are found to be in accordance with the field measurements.