Abstract
This article presents laboratory and spatial numerical modeling of cemented paste backfill. The first part of the research concerned laboratory tests of a mixture of sand, water, and variable cement content (5%, 10%, and 15%). The density and curing time of the mixture were determined. Moreover, cylindrical samples with a diameter of 46 mm and a height of 92 mm were constructed, for which compressive and tensile strength were calculated after one, two, three, and four weeks. The second part of the research concerned 3D numerical modeling with the use of RS3 software. For the exploitation field with dimensions of 65 m × 65 m, a strip-mining method was designed. The main objective of the research was to determine the changes in displacements around the haulage room and transportation roadway located in the immediate vicinity of the exploitation field. For the first time in numerical modeling, a two-sided strip method was used for the four stages of mining the ore deposit where the post-mining space was filled with a cemented paste backfill. Based on this research, the compressibility coefficient was determined.
Highlights
The increasing demand for metals in the energy, construction, automotive, and telecommunications industries causes a systematic increase in the extraction of useful minerals [1]
Due to the fact that the highest values of both compressive and tensile strengths were achieved in the fourth week, the beginning of the exploitation of the rock pillars should be initiated after this period at the earliest
In the case of tensile strength, the maximum value was 1.211 MPa for cemented paste backfill (15% cement) and was 60% and 87% higher for 10% and 5% cement addition, respectively
Summary
The increasing demand for metals in the energy, construction, automotive, and telecommunications industries causes a systematic increase in the extraction of useful minerals [1]. With the increase in extraction, the resources of raw materials decrease, which contributes to the design of more efficient mining methods, often in difficult conditions, taking into account the protection of both underground mine excavations [2] as well as surface objects [3]. One of the ways to improve the economic indicators of exploitation is the use of systems with hardened backfill, which enables the implementation of many complex geological and mining problems in the underground mining of mineral deposits. The hardened backfill protects against surface subsidence, preventing the loosening of overlying layers, which is of great importance in creating safe operating conditions, especially under water reservoirs, important objects of ground infrastructure [8]. To improve the strength properties of the hardened backfill, metakaolin and silica fume can be added, the increased effect of which is noticeable after both 7 and 28 days [10]
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