Abstract
The use of nanoporous anodic alumina (NAA) for the development of drug delivery systems has gained much attention in recent years. The release of drugs loaded inside NAA pores is complex and depends on the morphology of the pores. In this study, NAA, with different three-dimensional (3D) pore structures (cylindrical pores with several pore diameters, multilayered nanofunnels, and multilayered inverted funnels) were fabricated, and their respective drug delivery rates were studied and modeled using doxorubicin as a model drug. The obtained results reveal optimal modeling of all 3D pore structures, differentiating two drug release stages. Thus, an initial short-term and a sustained long-term release were successfully modeled by the Higuchi and the Korsmeyer–Peppas equations, respectively. This study demonstrates the influence of pore geometries on drug release rates, and further presents a sustained long-term drug release that exceeds 60 days without an undesired initial burst.
Highlights
A new generation of local drug release platforms with sustained and complex release profiles for reduced therapeutic doses has emerged to overcome the disadvantages of conventional treatments—generally oral or intravenous administrations—with considerable adverse effects [1,2].These local drug release platforms face important challenges to ensure efficient therapy: (i) efficient loading of drugs, (ii) sustained delivery, (iii) avoiding the ‘burst effect’, (iv) material stability, and (v) the possibility to chemically modify their surface for a selective release [3,4,5,6,7,8]
This study demonstrates the influence of pore geometries on drug release rates, and further presents a sustained long-term drug release that exceeds 60 days without an undesired initial burst
Drug release from nanoporous coatings has already been studied, there is a lack of understanding of the release kinetics from nanoporous anodic alumina (NAA) platforms with complex pore geometries and the dynamics governing them [27]
Summary
A new generation of local drug release platforms with sustained and complex release profiles for reduced therapeutic doses has emerged to overcome the disadvantages of conventional treatments—generally oral or intravenous administrations—with considerable adverse effects [1,2].These local drug release platforms face important challenges to ensure efficient therapy: (i) efficient loading of drugs, (ii) sustained delivery, (iii) avoiding the ‘burst effect’ (high dose release within the first minutes), (iv) material stability (avoiding degradation), and (v) the possibility to chemically modify their surface for a selective release [3,4,5,6,7,8]. The release of drugs loaded inside NAA pores is complex and depends on the morphology of the pores. The obtained results reveal optimal modeling of all 3D pore structures, differentiating two drug release stages.
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