Abstract
The fracture behavior of individual silica sand particles subjected to uniaxial compression was investigated using synchrotron micro-tomography (SMT) and discrete element method (DEM). SMT was used to acquire in situ three- dimensional (3D) images of individual sand particles up to the fracture stage. Single particle compression experiments were modeled in DEM by adopting the bonded particle model to generate crushable agglomerates composed of a large number of small sub-particles. By mapping the particle shape from the SMT images into the DEM model, the agglomerate shape was matched with the physical 3D shape of the tested sand particles. After considering hexagonal close packing and cubical packing approaches in the agglomerate generation stage, hexagonal close packing was chosen as it more closely captured the overall deformation behavior and fracture mode of sand particles.
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