Abstract
An estuary is an example of a constrained environment which often hosts a salt wedge, the stratification of which is a function of the tide's range and speed of advance, river discharge volumetric flow rate, and river mouth morphology. A field experiment was carried out in the Columbia River to test the hypothesis that the estuarine salt wedge is acoustically observable in terms of low-to-mid-frequency acoustic propagation. Linear frequency-modulated (LFM) acoustic signals in the 500-2000 Hz band were collected during the advance and retreat of the salt wedge. Data-model comparisons demonstrate the degree to which acoustic propagation in this constrained environment is controlled by horizontal refraction and out-of-plan scattering by bedforms along the acoustic transect.
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