Abstract
A Flying Ad-hoc Networks (FANETs) is an autonomous technology that creates a self-organized wireless network via Unmanned Arial Vehicles (UAVs). In this network, all UAVs can communicate within a restricted range of wireless communication in the absence of fixed infrastructure. As a result of high mobility, the limited energy, and the communication range of UAVs, network forming and deformation between them are very frequent that causes packet delivery failure. Therefore, a stable route is always needed to ensure effective data dissemination between source and destination in FANETs. Since it has drastically changing network topology, therefore, to maintain the stable route during packet transmission, there is a need for a suitable routing protocol. This paper proposes an Optimized Location-Aided Routing (O-LAR) protocol which is the modified version of Location-Aided Routing (LAR) protocol. Our protocol’s novelty comes from the fact that it established an optimal route between UAVs for information dissemination towards their respective destination UAV by considering weight function. A weighted function is used to decide the best next-hop node selection based on the parameters like residual energy, distance, and UAV movement direction. The performance of the O-LAR is evaluated mathematically and simulated through the NS-2 simulator. The empirical results attest that O-LAR improves the link duration, network lifetime, packet delivery ratio, and average throughput compared with the state-of-the-art protocols: LEPR, D-LAR, and LAR. Further, the proposed scheme reduces the number of next-hops, routing overhead and end-to-end delay compared to the state-of-the-art protocols.
Highlights
A Unmanned Arial Vehicles (UAVs), commonly known as the flying vehicle or drone, is a highly portable and miniature pilotless aircraft, which can fly in the sky and be controlled remotely [1], [2]
Different issues can be faced for information dissemination between the UAVs in this network, such as the high mobility of the UAVs, the limited transmission range, the restricted residual energy, and the frequent breakdown of the link
To overcome these challenges in Flying Ad-hoc Networks (FANETs), we have successfully proposed and implemented an O-Location-Aided Routing (LAR) protocol, which exploits the discovery phase to selects remarkable next-hop UAVs towards the destination UAV
Summary
A UAV, commonly known as the flying vehicle or drone, is a highly portable and miniature pilotless aircraft, which can fly in the sky and be controlled remotely [1], [2]. These are fitted with the appropriate hardware configured with a digital map, high-resolution camera, micro-embedded computers, sensors, computing devices, GPS, and other advance processing tools These smart vehicles improve the technical effectiveness of FANETs for work in a highly complex environment with flexible manners. For the highly dynamic nature of the network like FANET, since few decades, many researchers focus on location-based (or geographical-based) routing protocols that include the local information and reallocation of the moving nodes as UAVs via the Global Positioning System (GPS). The proposed scheme uses the concepts of greedy geographical positioning-based routing for the FANETs. The primary goal of the proposed O-LAR protocol is to improve the routing procedure to select the best route between source and destination UAV by considering some important factors.
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