Abstract
The power demand is increasing day by day owing to the diminishing of fossil fuel reserves on the globe. To overcome the future energy crises, there is a strong need to fulfill the energy loophole by novel technologies such as triboelectric nanogenerators to harvest miniature resources from renewable natural resources. Here, I discussed the synthesis and fabrication of novel triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) using highly reproducible power generators as electropositive surfaces from the monomers of naphthalene tetracarboxylic dianhydride, benzdiene diamine, and sulfonated polyimide (Bno-Spi), and modified nonwoven carbon fibers (Wcf) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) as electronegative TENG electrodes, respectively. Here, novel double characteristic hydrophilic and hydrophobic nano-channels concerned with Bno-Spi films were proposed through contact electrification process through ion and electron transfer by an electron-donor-acceptor complex mechanism. The proposed Bno-Spi-TENG system High triboelectric open circuit voltage 75 V (Voc) and short circuit current 1 μA (Jsc) have been achieved from Bno-Spi-TENGs, in particular, and for SO3H.Bno-Spi-TENG at 6 Hz. Besides that, we used improved knitted woven carbon fiber composite (wcf-COOH), as one of the TENGs to generate a greater open-circuit voltage (Voc), and short circuit current (Isc). Also, I aimed the contact and separation mode TENG which is using spring structure through oxidation of Wcf into Wcf-COOH followed by coupling of aniline through and one-step oxidative polymerization to get woven carbon fiber-polyaniline emraldine salt (Wcf-Pani.Es). The Wcf-PANI.Es composite film (thickness ~ 100 nm) shows the surface resistivity of 0.324 Ω m, and functions as a rubbing surface to produce charges through harvesting of energy using vertical contact-separation mode TENG. The vibrant exchanges of novel Wcf-Pani.Es, and PVDF membrane produced higher Voc of 95 V, and Isc of 180 μA, correspondingly. In specific, Wcf-Pani.Es -TENG is shown an enhancement of 498% of Voc concerning Wcf-COOH-TENG due to the availability of the Pani.Es layer. The novel Bno-Spi-TENGs and Wcf-Pani.Es are the potential candidates for fulfilling the need for improved energy harvesting devices as an alternate substantial choice for contact-separation mode TENGs.
Highlights
For the first time, we motivated to use, a Bno-Spi-triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) as a real ion, and electron-transfer route with a counter electronegative Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) surface for the contact-separation electrification process [29, 30]
The anticipated novel Bno-Spi-TENG shown superior characteristics which have a special π-π stacked layer-on-layer oligomer morphology with an alternate hydrophobic and hydrophilic network with representative regular nano-channels that are comprising with -SO3H or SO3Li ionic electrets for active ions transfer, and inter-connected merged aromatic sextets with imides bridges for electrons transfer, respectively
The robust coordination can empower the Bno-SpiTENG to endure the time-honored electrostatic potential on the contact surface which displays an inequality between the number of protons, and electron on the targeted surface
Summary
The urbanization process is quickening in the recent past due to speedy economic development and population growth in megalopolises considerably leads to the upsurge of resource demand, especially energy. Numerous kinds of energy harvesting methods were developed for accumulating energies which are thermoelectric, electromagnetic devices piezoelectric, photoelectric, electrostatic, and triboelectric devices [5, 6]. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TEGs) have received worldwide attention for the collecting of feasible green energy from ambient resources. Classical TEGs were designed and established based on a combination of synthetic polymers for contact and separation electrification, and electrostatic induction for generating mechanical energy [9, 10]. The appropriate choice of triboelectric paired polymers and their coherent design can upsurge the rate of energy collection and conversion efficiency [11, 12]. Microspheres with internal cross-linking’s that contain mobile ions and counter ions which transfer some of them in the air through another material upon contact [20]
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