Abstract
This paper utilizes the advanced potential of pseudodynamic three-dimensional finite-element modeling to study the axial mechanical behavior of square and rectangular reinforced concrete columns, confined with fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) jackets and continuous composite ropes in seismic applications. The rigorous and versatile Riedel-Hiermaier-Thoma (RHT) material model for concrete is suitably calibrated/modified to reproduce the variable behavior of characteristic retrofitted columns with deficient internal steel reinforcement detailing, suffering nonuniform local concrete cracking and crushing or bulging and bar buckling. Similarly, the 3D FRP jacket or rope confinement models may account for damage distribution, local fracture initiation and different interfacial bonding conditions. The satisfactory accuracy of the reproduced experimental stress-strain envelope behavior enables the analytical investigation of several critical design parameters that are difficult to measure reliably during experiments. Additional parametric analyses are conducted to assess the effects of steel quality. The significant variation of the field of developed strains on the FRP jacket at the ultimate and of the developed strains and deformations on steel cages among different columns are thoroughly investigated. This advanced analytical insight may be directly utilized to address missing critical parameters and allow for more reliable FRP retrofit design of seismic resistant reinforced concrete (RC) columns. Further, it allows for arbitrary 3D seismic analysis of columns (loading, unloading, cyclic or loading rate effects or preloading) or addresses predamages.
Highlights
Advanced fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) materials made of carbon, glass or aramid fibers, and structural fiber ropes, are widely used in several structural retrofit applications worldwide or as an internal reinforcement [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18]
Concrete columns designed according to early code provisions, take no special care of the effect of strong seismic excitations and corresponding ductility demands or detailing of reinforcement
The pseudodynamic approach was utilized for the first time to enable for the repeated or cyclic imposed displacements met in seismic resistant
Summary
Advanced fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) materials made of carbon, glass or aramid fibers, and structural fiber ropes, are widely used in several structural retrofit applications worldwide or as an internal reinforcement [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18]. To estimate the effectiveness of this strengthening technique, numerous investigations have been carried out concerning columns with or without internal steel reinforcement having circular cross sections (for example [4,17,18,19,20,21,22]). Similar work has been carried out for FRP-confined concrete columns under cyclic axial loading for circular specimens [31,32,33,34,35,36,37] and rectangular ones [2,3,28,35,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48], with or without transverse and longitudinal steel reinforcement. In a previous work by Parvin et al [49], Polymers 2020, 12, 2546; doi:10.3390/polym12112546 www.mdpi.com/journal/polymers
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