Abstract
Abstract. The applications and understanding of Land-use Regulations (LuR) are more communicable when they are linked to the digital representation of the physical world. In order to support issuing a planning permit and move towards the establishment of automated planning permit checks, this paper investigates how LuRs related to a planning permit process can be modelled in 3D called 3D CityLuR. 3D CityLuR serves as a 3D model for representing LuRs’ legal extents on a city scale. It is formed based on multiple geometric modelling approaches representing LuRs, which can provide a better cognitive understanding of LuRs and subsequently facilitate LuR automatic checks. To this purpose, according to LuRs’ descriptions and characteristics explained in related planning documents, key parameters representing LuRs’ extent are identified (e.g. maximum distance in overlooking or maximum allowed height in building height regulations). Accordingly, to automatically model each LuR, a geometric modelling approach (e.g. Boundary Representation (B-Rep), CSG, and extrusion) that best fits with the identified key parameters is proposed. In addition, to combine 3D CityLuR with an integrated BIM-GIS environment, the level of information need in terms of geometries and semantics is specified. Finally, the paper results in a showcase for five LuRs including building height, energy efficiency protection, overshadowing open space, overlooking, and noise impacts regulations. The showcase is a proof of concept for determining how these LuRs can be modelled in 3D and combined with 3D city models based on the selected geometric modelling approaches, identified parameters, and level of information need.
Highlights
1.1 Context and ProblematicsCities are overloaded with complex multilevel developments in small proximities, causing significant challenges for managing Land-use Regulations (LuR) related to use or developments on lands (Cann, 2018; Durham Jr and Scharffs, 2019; Selmi et al, 2017)
This paper proposed a two-stage approach to model 3D LuRs extents as 3D CityLuR and combine it with 3D city models automatically to support the decision-making process in issuing planning permits
Key modelling parameters were extracted from legal notes of LuRs and a geometric modelling approach that best fits with those parameters was proposed
Summary
1.1 Context and ProblematicsCities are overloaded with complex multilevel developments in small proximities, causing significant challenges for managing Land-use Regulations (LuR) related to use or developments on lands (Cann, 2018; Durham Jr and Scharffs, 2019; Selmi et al, 2017). The more densified cities become, the more difficulties planning authorities have of issuing planning permits. In issuing planning permits, as shown, in Victoria, Australia, a proposed building façade including projections such as balconies should be set back from the side or rear boundaries not less than 1 meter, plus 0.3 meters for every meter of height over 3.6 meters up to 6.9 meters, plus 1 meter for every meter of height over 6.9 meters. Using 2D representation for verifying 3D LuRs like building setbacks, often requires significant experience and expertise to clarify the 3D dimensions of LuRs. Using 2D representation for verifying 3D LuRs like building setbacks, often requires significant experience and expertise to clarify the 3D dimensions of LuRs It might cause significant shortcomings like uncertainty in decision-making especially in issuing planning permits and even cause erroneous permits (Emamgholian et al, 2020a; Van Berlo et al, 2013). In contrary, representing 3D LuRs like setbacks in 3D (Figure 1(b)), decreases ambiguities regarding its extents and facilitate the conflict detection process extensively (Emamgholian et al, 2020a; Faucher and Nivet, 2000)
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