Abstract
Abstract. This study presents an approach wherein photographs with a high degree of overlap are clicked using a digital camera and used to generate three-dimensional (3D) point clouds via feature point extraction and matching. To reconstruct a building model, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is used to click photographs from vertical shooting angles above the building. Multiview images are taken from the ground to eliminate the shielding effect on UAV images caused by trees. Point clouds from the UAV and multiview images are generated via Pix4Dmapper. By merging two sets of point clouds via tie points, the complete building model is reconstructed. The 3D models are reconstructed using AutoCAD 2016 to generate vectors from the point clouds; SketchUp Make 2016 is used to rebuild a complete building model with textures. To apply 3D building models in urban planning and design, a modern approach is to rebuild the digital models; however, replacing the landscape design and building distribution in real time is difficult as the frequency of building replacement increases. One potential solution to these problems is augmented reality (AR). Using Unity3D and Vuforia to design and implement the smartphone application service, a markerless AR of the building model can be built. This study is aimed at providing technical and design skills related to urban planning, urban designing, and building information retrieval using AR.
Highlights
A conceptual model to organize the various tools for visualization in urban planning was designed by Al-Kodmany (2002)
The models built from photographs taken by a unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and multiview images were merged to minimize the effects of shielding, as images taken by vertical photogrammetry are usually shielded by trees
Nine photographs were taken by the UAV, and 295 multiview images were taken by the Canon EOS 5D Mark II
Summary
A conceptual model to organize the various tools for visualization in urban planning was designed by Al-Kodmany (2002). According to this model, non-computer-based tools can be classified as (1) a pen and paper, (2) paper maps, (3) photographs, and (4) three-dimensional (3D) physical models. The corresponding computer-based tools are (1) an electronic pen and paper; (2) geographical information systems (GIS), computer-aided mapping (CAM), and mapping information management systems (MIMS); (3) image editing programs, digital photographs, and digital video; and (4) 3D digital models, virtual reality, and urban simulators (Al-Kodmany, 2002). Aerial imagery shooting by rotorcraft-based unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is suitable for reconstructing 3D building models because photographs can be clicked at fixed camera stations and multiview images can be obtained. Because vertical shooting suffers from shading by objects, multiview images from the ground must be included to remove the shielding effect
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