Abstract

Demand for donor hearts has increased globally due to cardiovascular diseases. Recently, three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technology has been aimed at creating clinically viable cardiac constructs for the management of myocardial infarction (MI) and associated complications. Advances in 3D bioprinting show promise in aiding cardiac tissue repair following injury/infarction and offer an alternative to organ transplantation. This article summarizes the basic principles of 3D bioprinting and recent attempts at reconstructing functional adult native cardiac tissue with a focus on current challenges and prospective strategies.

Highlights

  • Mortality due to cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been on a global incline due, in large part, to a shortage of donor organ supply

  • New heart transplant listings increased by 57% between 2005 and 2016 while the number of patients waiting to undergo heart transplantation increased by 127% over the same period; showing an increasing demand for donor hearts [3]

  • Many hurdles exist in achieving successful heart transplantation including procurement of the donor heart and post-transplant organ rejection

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Summary

Introduction

Mortality due to cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been on a global incline due, in large part, to a shortage of donor organ supply. Heart transplantation is often needed to treat CVD because the heart tissue is unable to regenerate cardiomyocytes. A lack of blood flow to the myocardium (myocardial infarction) results in scarring and permanent loss of cardiomyocytes which can

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Mimicking the native structure of heart tissue
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Bioinks for 3D printing
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Future directions
Findings
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