Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) FEM analysis was carried out using elastoplastic models which are capable of describing various elastoplastic behavior modes for clay and sand particularly in three dimensional stress. A ground model (lowering basement) that simulates the excavation mechanism for a tunnel was utilized for the FEM calculation. Two-dimensional (2D) FEM analysis was also carried out using the same elastoplastic models in order to compare with the 3D analytical results. Through this comparison, it was concluded that 3D analysis is necessary for a problem like tunneling where the construction procedure is not two dimensional even though it may look like a plane strain problem at the completion stage. In addition, it was shown that the positive and negative dilatancy for soil materials plays an important role in both settlement and earth pressure analysis.
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