Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing is a digital manufacturing process and offers virtually limitless opportunities to develop structures/objects by tailoring material composition, processing conditions, and geometry technically at every point in an object. In this review, we present three different early adopted, however, widely used, polymer-based 3D printing processes; fused deposition modelling (FDM), selective laser sintering (SLS), and stereolithography (SLA) to create polymeric parts. The main aim of this review is to offer a comparative overview by correlating polymer material-process-properties for three different 3D printing techniques. Moreover, the advanced material-process requirements towards 4D printing via these print methods taking an example of magneto-active polymers is covered. Overall, this review highlights different aspects of these printing methods and serves as a guide to select a suitable print material and 3D print technique for the targeted polymeric material-based applications and also discusses the implementation practices towards 4D printing of polymer-based systems with a current state-of-the-art approach.
Highlights
IntroductionPublished: 15 September 2021A variety of Additive manufacturing (AM) methods are available to 3D print a wide range of materials including metals [20,21,22,23], polymers [24,25,26,27,28,29], polymer composites [30,31,32,33], ceramics [34,35,36,37,38,39], and cement [40,41,42,43]
We aim to provide the correlation of material-process-properties for these three most conventional yet widely adopted polymer-based 3D printing techniques; fused deposition modelling (FDM), selective laser sintering (SLS), and stereolithography (SLA)
With a variety of 3D printing processes available for a wide range of materials, 3D printing has been extensively adopted in a number of different fields including but are not limited to mechanical engineering, civil
Summary
Published: 15 September 2021A variety of AM methods are available to 3D print a wide range of materials including metals [20,21,22,23], polymers [24,25,26,27,28,29], polymer composites [30,31,32,33], ceramics [34,35,36,37,38,39], and cement [40,41,42,43]. The ASTM (ISO/ASTM 52900:2015) has classified the range of AM processes into seven general categories This classification is made on the basis of the fundamental principle of operation, and it includes material jetting, binder jetting, vat Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. The ASTM (ISO/ASTM 52900:2015) has classified the range of AM proof 37 cesses into seven general categories This classification is made on the basis of the 2fundamental principle of operation, and it includes material jetting, binder jetting, vat photopolymerization, powder bed fusion, material extrusion, direct energy deposition, and sheet lamination [5].
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