Abstract
In recent years, innovations in 3D/4D printing techniques for continuous fiber-reinforced polymer composites (CFRPCs) have opened new perspectives for the integrated design and manufacture of composites with customized functions. This paper reviews the current state of 3D/4D printed functional composites, including the materials, shape memory/changing effects, self-monitoring/healing behaviors, and challenges surrounding additive-manufactured functional composites. Specifically, continuous fibers and matrices that provide functional roles are classified and discussed in detail. 4D printed shape memory and changing CFRPCs can retain their original shapes from a designed shape upon exposure to different external stimuli, including heat, electricity, humidity, and multi-stimuli activation. Furthermore, self-monitoring of structural health is achieved through the piezoresistive features of reinforced fibers in 3D printed CFRPCs. Finally, this review concludes with an outlook on the future research opportunities for 3D/4D printed functional CFRPCs.
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