36H: A Novel Potent Inhibitor for Antimelanogenesis.

Li-Ching Lin,Yueh-Hsiung Kuo,Byeong Hee Hwang,Chung-Yi Chen,Tina Kaiting Wang,Chia-Hung Kuo,Yun-Sheng Lin,Hui-Min David Wang

doi:10.1155/2018/6354972

Abstract

N-Hydroxycinnamoylphenalkylamides (36H) exhibited both antioxidation and antityrosinase abilities. The compound was studied for its antioxidative properties, using a 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazul- (DPPH-) scavenging test, a ferric ion-reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP) assessment, and a metal-chelating power assay. The results showed that 36H had antioxidative capabilities in the DPPH-scavenging and ferric-reducing power examinations but the chelating power assay did not demonstrate antioxidative capability. 36H was also measured for tyrosinase inhibitory activity applying various species platforms, including in vitro mushroom, B16F10 mouse melanoma, and human melanocyte cells. In terms of in vitro mushroom tyrosinase suppression, 36H restrained the melanogenesis processes. It is assumed that 36H blocked the tyrosinase active site as a competitive inhibitor for mushroom tyrosinase, hence not decreasing the human normal melanocyte cellular viability. A quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot discovered that 36H downregulated melanogenesis-related RNA and proteins, including pigment production (MITF, tyrosinase, TRP-1, and TRP-2), melanosome maturation (Rab27a), and melanosome transportation (Myo5a, MLPH and Mreg). Overall, 36H displayed the biofunctions of antioxidation and melanin suppression, so there was a possibility for its application as a food additive or a skin-whitening agent.

Highlights

The human skin is the largest organ in the human body; it maintains bodily functions and prevents the loss of water, electrolytes, and biomolecules
The antioxidant properties suggest that the peroxidation of lipid within melanocyte membranes increases the content of intracellular glutathione, which may account for the depigmentation [5, 6]
This study examined antioxidative properties, by determining the ferric-reducing power, the DPPH free radical-scavenging capacity, and the metalchelating power

Summary

Introduction

The human skin is the largest organ in the human body; it maintains bodily functions and prevents the loss of water, electrolytes, and biomolecules. Free radicals are composed of an atom or a group of atoms that have one or more unpaired electrons They are involved in physiological, metabolic, and immune reactions and signal transfer functions. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and various free radicals are stimulated by the generation of superoxide anions or hydrogen peroxides This can cause confused messaging, damage to cell membranes, and damage to ion cell communications due to lipid peroxidation. The amount of ROS is controlled by the self-defense systems that are antioxidant-mediated in their normal state, such as antioxidants These include vitamin C, vitamin E, or glutathione [4], which scavenge free radicals to prevent cellular damage. The overproduction of melanin can induce pigment disorders, such as melasma, senile lentigo, freckles, and hyperpigmentation [8] These are usually treated using cosmetics or pharmaceutical ingredients that contain skin-whitening components. This study finds that 36H is a potential and positive antioxidant and a skin-whitening agent

Materials and Methods

Results

Discussion

Conflicts of Interest