Abstract
ObjectiveTo assess the efficiency of dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (DCE-US) for percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) puncture, as in recent years US contrast agents (microbubbles) have been used safely for cardiovascular and liver diseases diagnosis, and also to identify complex renal cysts, thus could be used to better delineate the pyelocalyceal system during PCNL puncture and reduce the radiation exposure for medical staff and patients.
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