3,5-Dichloroaniline based organosilane and its hybrid silica nanoparticles: Response towards Sn2+ ion and ά-glucosidase

Abstract

In current investigation, 3,5-dichloroaniline appended organosilanes (4a-4d) were synthesized following a protocol steps using click silylation approach and verified by (1H and 13C) NMR and mass spectrometry. The silica nanoparticles (Si-NPs) grafted with compound 4a layer, with incredible properties were synthesized and characterized using standard techniques. The probe 4a and its hybrid nanospheres (D-NPs) particularly recognized Sn2+ ion among vast array of other competitive metal ions utilizing UV–Vis and fluorescence spectrophotometry, exposing its highly selective nature. The turn-on response was due to transfer of non-bonding electrons from ligand to metal leading to PET-off process and also, chelation enhanced fluorescence. The results show that the probe D-NPs has superior sensing properties than probe 4a compared on the basis of limit of detection and binding association constant towards Sn2+ ion. The binding stoichiometry of 1:1 was depicted from Job’s plot while feasible binding modes were systematically inspected through 1H NMR and further endorsed by DFT approach. Thus, the probes 4a and D-NPs proffered versatile platform for the recognition of Sn2+ ion in wide pH range. Interestingly, the practical applicability of probe 4a was also investigated by monitoring Sn2+ ions in real sample analysis of drinking water (tap water and mineral water). Moreover, the binding interactions of ligand 4a and active sites of ά-glucosidase were affirmed through molecular docking studies.