Abstract
This chapter reviews antigen–antibody binding kinetics for biosensor applications. Different antigen–antibody reactions occurring on different biosensor surfaces are analyzed using the Nyikos–Pajkossy equation of diffusion toward and reaction on fractal surfaces. The analysis provides a quantitative indication of the state of disorder or the conformational states of the antigen–antibody complex on the surface. The fractal analysis of both types of systems wherein (1) the antigen is in solution, and the antibody is immobilized on the surface, and (2) the antibody is in solution and the antigen is immobilized on the surface indicates the versatility of the analysis, and facilitates comparisons between the systems. Valuable physical insights were obtained where, (1) significant data was available, and (2) where the influence of different parameters on the fractal dimension (Df) value could be correlated. The chapter highlights that the analysis of the Ogert et al. (1992) data on Clostridium botulinum toxin A is of particular interest because one can obtain the influence of Clostridium botulinum toxin A (antigen) concentration in solution on the Df value.
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