Abstract

Summary In summary, the rutin metabolite DHT significantly reduced EGF-induced neoplastic transformation in JB6 P+ cells. This inhibition was mediated mainly by blocking the Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway and subsequent suppression of AP-1 activities. DHT attenuated Raf-1 kinase activity by directly binding to Raf-1 in vitro and ex vivo. Taken together, these results suggest that Raf-1 may be a critical molecular target to suppress DHT- induced neoplastic transformation, which is mainly attributable to the chemopreventive potential of several foods containing rutin. Acknowledgments This research was supported by the Kyungpook National University Research Fund, 2009. References Alonso-Castro AJ, Dominguez F, Garcia-Carranca A. 2013. Rutin exerts antitumor effects on nude mice bearing SW480 tumor. Arch Med Res 44:346-351 Antonyak MA, Moscatello DK, Wong AJ. 1998. Constitutive activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase by a mutant epidermal growth factor receptor. J Biol Chem 273:2817-2822Bode AM, Dong Z. 2005. Signal transduction pathways in cancer development and as targets for cancer prevention. Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol 79:237-297 Cheepala SB, Yin W, Syed Z, Gill JN, McMillian A, Kleiner HE, Lynch M, Loganantharaj R, Trutschl M, Cvek U, Clifford JL. 2009. Identification of the B-Raf/Mek/Erk MAP kinase pathway as a target for all-trans retinoic acid during skin cancer promotion. Mol Cancer 8:27 Choi KS, Kundu JK, Chun KS, Na HK, Surh YJ. 2014. Rutin inhibits UVB radiation-induced expression of COX-2 and iNOS in hairless mouse skin: p38 MAP kinase and JNK as potential targets. Arch Biochem Biophys 559:38-45.Dong Z, Birrer MJ, Watts RG, Matrisian LM, Colburn NH. 1994. Blocking of tumor promoter-induced AP-1 activity inhibits induced transformation in JB6 mouse epidermal cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91:609-613Garcia-Lafuente A, Guillamon E, Villares A, Rostagno MA, Martinez JA. 2009. Flavonoids as anti-inflammatory agents: implications in cancer and cardiovascular disease. Inflamm Res 58:537-552 Glasser G, Graefe EU, Struck F, Veit M, Gebhardt R. 2002. Comparison of antioxidative capacities and inhibitory effects on cholesterol biosynthesis of quercetin and potential meta-bolites. Phytomedicine 9:33-40 He Z, Cho YY, Liu G, Ma WY, Bode AM, Dong Z. 2003. p38 Mitogen-activated protein kinase regulation of JB6 Cl41 cell transformation promoted by epidermal growth factor. J Biol Chem 278:26435-26442 Huang C, Ma WY, Dawson MI, Rincon M, Flavell RA, Dong Z. 1997. Blocking activator protein-1 activity, but not acti-vating retinoic acid response element, is required for the antitumor promotion effect of retinoic acid. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94:5826-5830Huang CS, Ma WY, Young MR, Colburn N, Dong ZG. 1998. Shortage of mitogen-activated protein kinase is responsible for resistance to AP-1 transactivation and transformation in mouse JB6 cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95:156-161Ito S, Inoue S, Yamamoto Y, Fujita K. 1981. Synthesis and antitumor activity of cysteinyl-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanines

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