Abstract
In the early period of its development oceanography could not escape the reconnaisance stage and it was preoccupied with the accumulation of a wide range of observations. Fifty to seventy years ago information on the structure and specific features of the ocean was so scarce that any measurement, whether it be temperature or salinity at a given depth or any other parameter, was regarded by scientists as a revelation close to a scientific achievement. At this period the state of theoretical knowledge was not at a stage to formulate any definite demands towards oceanic measurements—there was a need to measure and describe all events and parameters with maximal precision and in the greatest detail.
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