Abstract

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have improved clinical outcomes in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), but many patients (pts) do not respond to ICIs or will develop resistance. Combining VEGFR inhibition may potentiate ICI efficacy by normalizing vascular immune crosstalk and improving immune effector cell infiltration. Tislelizumab (T) is a humanized, IgG4-variant monoclonal antibody against PD-1. Fruquintinib (F) is a novel, highly selective, oral, tyrosine kinase inhibitor of VEGFR-1, 2, 3.

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