Abstract

Optogenetics has dramatically expanded the tools available for studying peripheral and central circuitry involved in pain. In order to realize the full potential of optogenetics for the study of pain, devices are needed which allow integration of miniaturized light sources that are minimally invasive, provide sufficient light, and allow chronic, free movement of rodents during the study of spontaneous and evoked pain behaviors. Here, we designed a highly flexible, wirelessly-powered, micro-LED spinal implant which allows optogenetic stimulation and inhibition of neurons in the spinal cord during free movement over a relatively large area.

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