Abstract
Hormonal changes have been implicated in the phenomenon of pain modulation during pregnancy. The role of psychosocial constructs such as fear and anxiety related to pain during pregnancy, however, has largely been overlooked. The current study investigated the cross-sectional associations between the report of pain-related fear among pregnant and non-pregnant female participants. The study consisted of three different convenience samples: pregnant females (N=1171; age: M=28.61, SD=5.3), non-pregnant female undergraduate students (N=274; age M=19.81, SD=3.9), and non-pregnant female patients (N=212) diagnosed with chronic pain (Age: M=46.06, SD=12.7). Participants completed the Fear of Pain Questionnaire-9 in order to determine their fear related to severe, minor, medical/dental, and overall fear of pain. There were significant differences among the three groups in their overall fear of pain (F(2,1649)=25.38, p
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