30] Bacterial survival in biofilms: Probes for exopolysaccharide and its hydrolysis, and measurements of intra- and interphase mass fluxes

Abstract

Publisher Summary Two of the most important factors that dictate survivability in biofilms are the ability to adhere there and the ability to utilize available nutrients in the matrix. This chapter describes methods that probe the biofilm matrix that determines whether its complex polysaccharides are being utilized and examine nutrient fluxes there. The biofilm matrix is composed of substantial quantities of capsular exopolymeric substances (EPS) that in turn normally contain substantial quantities of capsular polysaccharide (CPS). The survival value of capsular EPS has been reported. Survival functions fall under the headings of (a) barrier, including protection from predation and resistance to toxins, antibiotics, and poisons; (b) cell–cell interaction and recognition, including symbiosis; and (c) adhesion and biofilm formation. Along with fimbriae, EPS may tether the organism to the surface, thereby serving as a primary adhesin.