オソルコン3世後の上エジプト

Abstract

In the middle of the 8th century B. C., King Osorkon III of the ‘Theban Twenty-third Dynasty’ was ruling Upper Egypt, from Heracleopolis to Elephantine. After his reign, however, in the late 8th century B. C., Upper Egypt was divided into three regions, which were Heracleopolis, Hermopolis and, in the south, Kush. In this paper, I will examine the relations among the ‘Theban Twenty-third Dynasty’, the Heracleopolite king and the Hermopolite king.From the genealogical point of view, it is clear that Peftjauawybast, King of Heracleopolis, was the son-in-law of Amenrud, who was a king of the ‘Theban Twenty-third Dynasty’. But the title s3t nswt (king's daughter) of Nestenet, who was a queen of King Nimlot of Hermopolis, shows that the Hermopolite king, too, probably belonged to the same dynasty.There are two pieces of evidence that show some links between Heracleopolis and Thebes. First, the two daughters of the Heracleopolite king Peftjauawybast had the title ‘Songstress of the Interior of Amen’. Second, a descendant of the same king was buried at Thebes. These two items of evidence, however, do not necessarily show that the Heracleopolite king himself was directly concerned with Thebes. For, on the first point, we know that some Libyan chiefs, who themselves did not have a direct concern with Thebes, placed their daughters in this post, and on the second point, the descendant was probably buried after the reign of Peftjauawybast.There is also some evidence that shows the links between Hermopolis and Thebes. The genealogical text on the statue Cairo CG 42212 indicates that a high priest of Hermopolis, who lived under the reign of King Thutemhat of Hermopolis, belonged to the family of the 4th prophet of Amen Djedthutefankh in Thebes. A bronze shrine BM EA11015 bears the name of King Thutemhat and the inscription of ‘the Estate of Amen’. A vase fragment in Rome (infra n. 33) has some inscription indicating that King Nimlot of Hermopolis had a connection with both God's Wife of Amen Shepenupet I, who was a daughter of King Osorkon III and her successor Amenirdis I, who was a daughter of the Kushite king Kashta. It is worthy of notice that the Hermopolite king himself was connected with God's Wife of Amen, which was the highest post of the Amen Temple in those days.From the last evidence, it is possible for us to reconsider the double-dated inscription at Wadi Gasus, for this inscription also bears the names of Shepenupet I and Amenirdis I. Therefore, concerning the regnal years of this inscription, we come to the conclusion that the year 12 associated with Amenirdis I could be that of a Kushite king and the year 19 associated with Shepenupet I could be that of a Hermopolite king. This Hermopolite king could be either Amenrud or Nimlot from the chronological point of view.Thebes was lost under the reign of Amenrud or immediately after his reign. As for the links with Thebes and Kush, it is possible that the Hermopolite king took a position as the political successor to the ‘Theban Twenty-third Dynasty’ in the late 8th century B. C.