Abstract
This chapter examines some key trends in the funding of research, especially the funding of basic research by governments and other public bodies; and highlights the pressure to increase the contribution of research to innovation, economic performance and the fulfilment of social needs. It also examines where basic research is conducted in different countries, in universities and research institutes; how research careers are developed under the increasing pressure of competition; and how universities both support and manage researchers. Finally, it examines how research is conducted by both individuals and teams; how researchers both consume and create information in the course of their research; and how the research process is changing in different disciplines as a result of technological change.
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