Abstract
This chapter first examines the extent to which state failure has magnified factors favouring the rise of piracy, including geography, cultural acceptance, potential rewards, and political and legal opportunities. It then proceeds to look at the emergence of the pirates and their operations as they relate to political developments within Somalia since the fall of the dictatorship of Muhammad Siad Barre. It is doubtful that militant Islamism would be much more than a marginal force in Somali politics. Despite the miserable failure of repeated international efforts to rebuild the collapsed Somali state around a national government, by maintaining the juridical fiction that the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) is a government, the United States and other governments can avail themselves of the legal authority granted by the United Nations Security Council resolutions against piracy, including Resolution 1816 and its follow-up resolutions. Keywords: militant Islamism; Muhammad Siad Barre; Somali piracy; Transitional Federal Government (TFG); United Nations Security Council; United States
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