Abstract
Radioactive materials are commonly used as tracers in many biochemical procedures. Because of the potential for radiation exposure of the bench scientist using these tracers, this chapter has been written about the principles, techniques, and materials used in working safely with the two most commonly used radionuclides in molecular cloning, /sup 32/P and /sup 35/S. Both are pure ..beta.. emitters, i.e., there are no photons emitted by the nucleus during decay. /sup 35/S has a maximum ..beta.. energy of 167 keV and a half-life of 87.4 days. /sup 32/P, with a maximum ..beta.. energy of 1710 keV (or 1.7 MeV), is considerably more hazardous. Its half-life is 14.3 days.
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