Abstract
A combined cycle combines two power cycles in series to obtain a high overall thermal efficiency, significantly higher than the individual efficiencies. This chapter discusses utilization of a Brayton cycle or gas turbine for the topping cycle and a steam Rankine cycle for the bottoming cycle. The size of a combined cycle may range from less than 10MW to in excess of 500MW while using a single gas turbine. In addition to having thermal efficiencies exceeding 60% natural gas lower heating value (LHV) basis with a ‘J class’ gas turbine with a nominal 1600°C turbine inlet temperature (Ito et al., 2010), outstanding environmental performance, easy start-up and shutdown and low cooling water requirements, combined cycles require significantly lower staffing, capital cost and construction time than boiler-based power plants. However, the clean fuels required, such as natural gas, synthesis gas or distillate, are significantly more expensive than fuels such as coal and biomass that can be directly combusted in a boiler. This chapter focuses on control technologies for criteria pollutants and CO2 emissions. Future trends for improvements in performance and emissions are also discussed.
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