Abstract
One of the most important applications for DNA microarrays is the study of differential gene expression. Gene expression analysis using microarrays requires the development and successful implementation of a variety of laboratory strategies. Microarray technology is a powerful technology that will substantially increase the speed at which differential gene expression can be analyzed and gene functions are elucidated. To fulfil these expectations, improvements of the technology with respect to reproducibility, sensitivity, cost, and speed will be needed. The problems of sample collection, experimental procedure, and data analysis should not be underestimated. An independent verification method as a follow-up to the array results should also be considered, such as reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, Northern or Western Blot analyses, or in situ hybridization. Ideally, microarray studies, limited to the messenger RNA level, should be accompanied by analyses at the protein level. Proteomics, large-scale complex analysis of the proteins that are present in a cell, is developing rapidly. Both technologies are complementary while focusing on different steps of the same process—the expression of genetic information into functional molecules.
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