Abstract
Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the methods used to study the influence of Interleukin 1 (IL-1) and transforming growth factor β 1 (TGF-β) on nerve growth factor (NGF) production in cultured brain cells and in vivo . It focuses on NGF synthesis. IL-1 plays an important role in many reactions associated with brain injury and reactive gliosis. IL-1 is also present in normal brain and its messenger RNA (mRNA) localizes to neurons, especially in hippocampus. Granule neurons in the dentate gyrus possess IL-1 receptors. IL-1 increases NGF mRNA in the central nervous system in neonatal hippocampus and in cultured rat astrocytes. Transforming growth factor β is a potent cytokine with many diverse actions. It is synthesized by many cells, at least in culture, although in a latent and biologically inactive form. TGF-β elevates NGF mRNA in neonatal rat hippocampus. NGF protein in brain samples or in culture medium is measured by a sensitive two-site enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The chapter illustrates methods that are used to study the interaction between neurotrophic factors and cytokines.
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