Abstract
Bioactive compounds from marine organisms and their action mechanisms have provided new insights into medicinal and natural product research. Here, we report the identification of 3β-hydroxy-Δ5-steroidal congeners from a purified column fraction (DPCMH24) of the soft coral Dendronephthya puetteri harvested from Jeju, South Korea. DPCMH24 exerted strong anti-inflammatory effects through a dose-dependent decrease in the levels of nitric oxide (NO) in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages (IC50 value = 6.54 ± 0.38 μg mL−1). Further, DPCMH24 attenuated the levels of PGE2 and the pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. The above effects were mediated via the inhibition of nuclear factor κB activation and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. In vivo evaluation indicated that DPCMH24 reduced NO, iNOS, COX-2, ROS production and cell death in LPS-induced zebrafish embryos, confirming its anti-inflammatory potential. The constituent compounds were identified by GC-MS/MS analysis. These findings suggest that the steroidal congeners from D. puetteri may offer ample therapeutic potential against LPS-induced inflammation.
Highlights
Natural products from marine invertebrates have emerged as a focus for investigation owing to their broad spectrum of bioactive functionalities and unusual structural properties
The presence of dark/maroon color spots on Thin-layer chromatography (TLC), especially in DPCMH24 and DPCMH25 with 10% H2SO4 in ethanol staining, and their absence under UV light con rmed the presence of sterols
In ammation is an essential biological process regulated by complex molecular mechanisms involving in ammatory and anti-in ammatory cytokines, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, growth factors, and nitric oxide (NO)
Summary
Natural products from marine invertebrates have emerged as a focus for investigation owing to their broad spectrum of bioactive functionalities and unusual structural properties. The chloroform–methanol (1 : 1) solvent system preferably provides a high extraction yield for the terpenoids.[12] Each step of the puri cation process was performed a er the evaluation of the reduction in NO levels in LPS-stimulated RAW macrophages.
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